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HubSpot CMS for Developers II: Best Practices Exam Answers

HubSpot CMS for Developers II: Best Practices Exam Answers

HubSpot CMS for Developers II: Best Practices Exam Answers

As a web developer, you're responsible for creating websites that delight your customers and generate leads for your business. It's not enough, however, for your website to look great — it also needs to be accessible, fast, and search-friendly. Additionally, the themes and modules you develop should be easy for content editors and developers to manage. Explore how to develop websites that prioritize web accessibility, performance optimization, SEO, and HubSpot-specific best practices.

  • There are 60 questions.
  • The exam takes about 1 hour to complete.
  • You must answer 45 questions correctly to pass.
  • You must wait 12 hours between attempts.
  • You have 3 hours to complete the exam.

To get the certification you need to pass the exam and do the practicum.

 

Exam URL: https://academy.hubspot.com/courses/cms-for-developers-best-practices

 

 

Questions:

 

-True or false? Every  element should have alternative text.

-Creating a form that can be completed and submitted using the keyboard only adheres to which WCAG principle?
-To make it easier for individuals using assistive technology to navigate your page, use _________ to organize the page's content.
-Fill in the blank: Use a _________ class to hide elements visually while keeping them accessible to screen readers.
-True or false? Every <img> element should have alternative text.
-Select all that apply. What are some web accessibility best practices you should account for near the beginning of a project?
-Select all that apply. When performing manual keyboard testing on your page, what should you check for?
-Select all that apply. Which of the following are HTML semantic elements?
-Which of the following is NOT a common accessibility error found on web pages?
-Which of the following is NOT an element of manual accessibility testing?
-Select all that apply. Which of the following make page navigation more efficient for those using assistive technology?
-Consider this scenario: You are loading a script (script 1) on your page which two other scripts rely on to function (scripts 2 and 3). All of these scripts can be safely executed after construction of the DOM. Which of the following approaches would work when loading these scripts? Select all that apply.
-Fill in the blank: _____________ refers to how long it takes the browser to take your site's files and paint the pixels to the page.
-Fill in the blank: _______ is the process through which all unnecessary characters are removed from a file.
-Fill in the blank: Add the ________ attribute to your script to tell the browser to execute it after construction of the DOM.
-The ____________ is the browser's representation of the page's styles.
-Fill in the blank: The ___________ is a combination of both the DOM and CSSOM.
-Fill in the blank. Defer loading of non-critical CSS by adding ______ as an argument in your require_css function call.
-Fill in the blank. Many browsers support native image lazy-loading using the _________ attribute.
-Fill in the blank. To provide a good user experience, a Largest Contentful Paint of ___________ or less is recommended.
-If your site has consistently poor Total Blocking Time scores, which approach should you take to improve this metric?
-Select all that apply. What is Cumulative Layout Shift?
-What is Largest Contentful Paint?
-What is the final step of the Critical Rendering Path?
-What is the first step of the Critical Rendering Path?
-Which of the following is most likely to block page interactivity?
-Which of the following is NOT a step in the Critical Rendering Path?
-Fill in the blank: Use the __________ tag to include multiple CSS partial files within a single CSS file.
-Fill in the blank: Use the ________ statement to use the same base template across multiple page templates.
-Select all that apply. How can you help content creators more easily work with modules?
-In the CMS Boilerplate, what is the filename of the common template used as the foundation for all page templates?
-True or false? All themes must contain at least 10 section templates.
-True or false? You can add a brand setting token to a theme's fields.json file to allow content editors to edit its value.
-Select all that apply. When should you create a section template instead of a module?
-Select all that apply. Where can you access a brand color that you've set in the account's brand settings?
-Which file does the CMS Boilerplate use to apply the styles set in the theme's settings?
-Select all that apply. Which of the following fields should you include in your theme's fields.json file?
-Select all that apply. Which of the following best describes modules?
-Which of the following is NOT a system template?
-Which of the following is NOT a valid brand logo attribute?
-Select all that apply. Which of the following module elements would be a good candidate for a style field?
-Which of the following section template annotations will help a content editor easily visualize a section in the page editor?
-Which of the following would be NOT be an appropriate class name to use in a theme called "Blue Horizons"?
-Within a module, where should you place instance-specific styles?
-A ____________ status code indicates a temporary redirect.
-Fill in the blank: Google recommends a font size of at least _______ on at least 60% of the text on your page.
-Fill in the blank: Google recommends that tap targets should be at least ___________ apart from each other.
-Fill in the blank: Google's main crawler is known as __________.
-Fill in the blank: Google displays structured data in SERPs as _________.
-Fill in the blank: Sitemaps are _______ files that provide search engines information about the structure of your site.
-Fill in the blank. If you want a page that's temporarily down to still appear in search results for some time, use _____________.
-Select all that apply: In order to account for mobile-first indexing, you should:
-Select all that apply. When it comes to SEO, developers are usually responsible for:
-True or false: Using structured data guarantees that Google will make a rich snippet for your page.
-Select all that apply. What can you use sitemaps for?
-What effect will this line in robots.txt have on Google's crawling behavior? # Disallow: /
-Select all that apply. What is a canonical URL?
-Select all that apply. When might you use a redirect?
-Select all that apply. Which of the following are good examples of descriptive link text?
-Which of the following is NOT a component of how a web page ends up in search results?
-Scenario: Your colleague has told you that they'd like a landing page to not appear in search results. You notice that this landing page URL is already disallowed in robots.txt. What should you do to guarantee the page doesn't appear in Google's search results?
-A skip to content link should skip to which landmark element on the page?
-Creating a user interface that is consistent across pages adheres to which WCAG principle?
-Providing text alternatives for non-text content adheres to which WCAG principle?
-The WCAG are broadly divided into four principles. Which of the following is NOT one of those principles?
-True or false? Automated testing is sufficient to test for appropriate use of alternative text.
-True or false? Part of making a form input accessible is including include a label for the input.
-Select all that apply. Which elements should receive focus as you tab through a web page?
-Select all that apply. Which of the following is an example of a web accessibility optimization that also benefits most of your users?
-Which of the following is NOT a web accessibility best practice?
-Writing valid HTML adheres to which WCAG principle?
-Fill in the blank: Adding width and height attributes to images helps reduce _________________.
-Which HubL function can you use to control the size of the images that appear on your website?
-Fill in the blank: When a boolean field controls a major layout change, use a _________.
-What would you use to access the tertiary brand color in a theme's fields.json file?
-Select all that apply. Which style fields have a generated .css property?
-Fill in the blank: The primary function of a robots.txt file is_______________.
-Fill in the blank: Your page must undergo_________, in order for Google to view any JavaScript-generated content.
-What is the recommended format for adding structured data to pages?
-Select all that apply. Which of the following will prevent a page from appearing in Google's search results?
-True or false? Comprehensive knowledge of the WCAG is necessary before beginning to implement web accessibility best practices.
-True or false? If your website doesn't have automatically detectable accessibility issues, it might still have accessibility barriers.
-Consider the line of code below. If you were to load a script in this way, what would be the result? {{ require_js(get_asset_url("./path/to/file.js"), { async: true }) }}
-Select all that apply. What can you do to optimize images within a custom module?
-Select all that apply. What is First Input Delay?
-Select all that apply. Which of the following are Core Web Vitals?
-Select all that apply. Where can you access a brand logo that you've set in your account's brand settings?
-Fill in the blank: If you want a page's new URL to appear in search results, use _____________.
-True or false? Sections provide a built-in way to set a background image.
-Select all that apply. Which of the following are examples of render-blocking resources?

 

  1. Creating a form that can be completed and submitted using the keyboard only adheres to which WCAG principle?
  2. Creating a user interface that is consistent across pages adheres to which WCAG principle?
  3. To make it easier for individuals using assistive technology to navigate your page, use _________ to organize the page’s content.
  4. Fill in the blank: Use a _________ class to hide elements visually while keeping them accessible to screen readers.
  5. The WCAG are broadly divided into four principles. Which of the following is NOT one of those principles?
  6. True or false? Every <img> element should have alternative text.
  7. True or false? If your website doesn’t have automatically detectable accessibility issues, it might still have accessibility barriers.
  8. Select all that apply. What are some web accessibility best practices you should account for near the beginning of a project?
  9. Select all that apply. When performing manual keyboard testing on your page, what should you check for?
  10. Select all that apply. Which of the following are HTML semantic elements?
  11. Select all that apply. Which of the following is an example of a web accessibility optimization that also benefits most of your users?
  12. Which of the following is NOT a common accessibility error found on web pages?
  13. Which of the following is NOT a web accessibility best practice?
  14. Which of the following is NOT an element of manual accessibility testing?
  15. Select all that apply. Which of the following make page navigation more efficient for those using assistive technology?
  16. Writing valid HTML adheres to which WCAG principle?
  17. Consider this scenario: You are loading a script (script 1) on your page which two other scripts rely on to function (scripts 2 and 3). All of these scripts can be safely executed after construction of the DOM. Which of the following approaches would work when loading these scripts? Select all that apply.
  18. Fill in the blank: _____________ refers to how long it takes the browser to take your site’s files and paint the pixels to the page.
  19. Fill in the blank: Adding width and height attributes to images helps reduce _________________.
  20. The ____________ is the browser’s representation of the page’s styles.
  21. Fill in the blank: The ___________ is a combination of both the DOM and CSSOM.
  22. Fill in the blank. Defer loading of non-critical CSS by adding ______ as an argument in your require_css function call.
  23. Fill in the blank. Many browsers support native image lazy-loading using the _________ attribute.
  24. Fill in the blank. To provide a good user experience, a Largest Contentful Paint of ___________ or less is recommended.
  25. If your site has consistently poor Total Blocking Time scores, which approach should you take to improve this metric?
  26. Select all that apply. What can you do to optimize images within a custom module?
  27. What is Largest Contentful Paint?
  28. Select all that apply. Which of the following are Core Web Vitals?
  29. Which of the following is most likely to block page interactivity?
  30. Fill in the blank: Use the ________ statement to use the same base template across multiple page templates.
  31. Select all that apply. How can you help content creators more easily work with modules?
  32. In the CMS Boilerplate, what is the filename of the common template used as the foundation for all page templates?
  33. True or false? You can add a brand setting token to a theme’s fields.json file to allow content editors to edit its value.
  34. What would you use to access the tertiary brand color in a theme’s fields.json file?
  35. Select all that apply. Where can you access a brand color that you’ve set in the account’s brand settings?
  36. Select all that apply. Where can you access a brand logo that you’ve set in your account’s brand settings?
  37. Which file does the CMS Boilerplate use to apply the styles set in the theme’s settings?
  38. Select all that apply. Which of the following fields should you include in your theme’s fields.json file?
  39. Select all that apply. Which of the following best describes modules?
  40. Which of the following is NOT a system template?
  41. Which of the following is NOT a valid brand logo attribute?
  42. Which of the following section template annotations will help a content editor easily visualize a section in the page editor?
  43. Which of the following would be NOT be an appropriate class name to use in a theme called “Blue Horizons”?
  44. Select all that apply. Which style fields have a generated .css property?
  45. Within a module, where should you place instance-specific styles?
  46. Fill in the blank: Google recommends a font size of at least _______ on at least 60% of the text on your page.
  47. Fill in the blank: Google recommends that tap targets should be at least ___________ apart from each other.
  48. Fill in the blank: Google’s main crawler is known as __________.
  49. Fill in the blank: If you want a page’s new URL to appear in search results, use _____________.
  50. Fill in the blank: Google displays structured data in SERPs as _________.
  51. Fill in the blank: The primary function of a robots.txt file is_______________.
  52. Fill in the blank: Your page must undergo_________, in order for Google to view any JavaScript-generated content.
  53. Fill in the blank. If you want a page that’s temporarily down to still appear in search results for some time, use _____________.
  54. Select all that apply: In order to account for mobile-first indexing, you should:
  55. Select all that apply. What can you use sitemaps for?
  56. What effect will this line in robots.txt have on Google’s crawling behavior? # Disallow: /
  57. Select all that apply. What is a canonical URL?
  58. What is the recommended format for adding structured data to pages?
  59. Select all that apply. When might you use a redirect?
  60. Select all that apply. Which of the following will prevent a page from appearing in Google’s search results?
  61. A skip to content link should skip to which landmark element on the page?
  62. Providing text alternatives for non-text content adheres to which WCAG principle?
  63. True or false? Automated testing is sufficient to test for appropriate use of alternative text.
  64. True or false? Part of making a form input accessible is including include a label for the input.
  65. Select all that apply. Which elements should receive focus as you tab through a web page?
  66. Consider the line of code below. If you were to load a script in this way, what would be the result? {{ require_js(get_asset_url(“./path/to/file.js”), { async: true }) }}
  67. Fill in the blank: _______ is the process through which all unnecessary characters are removed from a file.
  68. Fill in the blank: Add the ________ attribute to your script to tell the browser to execute it after construction of the DOM.
  69. Select all that apply. Which of the following are examples of render-blocking resources?
  70. Select all that apply. What is Cumulative Layout Shift?
  71. Select all that apply. What is First Input Delay?
  72. What is the first step of the Critical Rendering Path?
  73. Which HubL function can you use to control the size of the images that appear on your website?
  74. Fill in the blank: Use the __________ tag to include multiple CSS partial files within a single CSS file.
  75. Fill in the blank: When a boolean field controls a major layout change, use a _________.
  76. True or false? All themes must contain at least 10 section templates.
  77. Select all that apply. When should you create a section template instead of a module?
  78. Select all that apply. Which of the following module elements would be a good candidate for a style field?
  79. Select all that apply. When it comes to SEO, developers are usually responsible for:
  80. True or false: Using structured data guarantees that Google will make a rich snippet for your page.
  81. Select all that apply. Which of the following are good examples of descriptive link text?
  82. Scenario: Your colleague has told you that they’d like a landing page to not appear in search results. You notice that this landing page URL is already disallowed in robots.txt. What should you do to guarantee the page doesn’t appear in Google’s search results?
  83. True or false? Comprehensive knowledge of the WCAG is necessary before beginning to implement web accessibility best practices.
  84. What is the final step of the Critical Rendering Path?
  85. Which of the following is NOT a step in the Critical Rendering Path?
  86. True or false? Sections provide a built-in way to set a background image.
  87. A ____________ status code indicates a temporary redirect.
  88. Fill in the blank: Sitemaps are _______ files that provide search engines information about the structure of your site.
  89. Which of the following is NOT a component of how a web page ends up in search results?

 

 

 

 

Select all that apply. What is First Input Delay?

By

Select all that apply. What is First Input Delay?

 

  • A measure of interactivity
  • Another term for Time to Interactive
  • A measure of loading performance
  • A Core Web Vital

 

Explanation: First Input Delay (FID) is indeed a measure of interactivity. It quantifies the responsiveness of a web page by measuring the delay between when a user interacts with an element (such as clicking a button or tapping on a link) and when the browser responds to that interaction. FID is a crucial metric for assessing user experience, as it reflects the time it takes for the page to become interactive and responsive to user input. Additionally, FID is indeed a Core Web Vital, which are a set of specific metrics identified by Google as key indicators of a webpage’s user experience. Core Web Vitals, including FID, are essential for evaluating and improving the overall performance and usability of a website. FID is distinct from Time to Interactive, which measures the time it takes for a webpage to become fully interactive, including both loading and interactivity delays. While FID focuses specifically on interactivity, Time to Interactive encompasses broader aspects of page loading and interaction readiness. Therefore, selecting A measure of interactivity and A Core Web Vital accurately reflects the significance of FID in assessing user experience and its inclusion among the key performance metrics emphasized by Google.

Select all that apply. What is Cumulative Layout Shift?

By

Select all that apply. What is Cumulative Layout Shift?

 

  • A Core Web Vital
  • A measure of loading performance
  • A measure of interactivity
  • A measure of visual stability

 

Explanation: Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) is indeed a Core Web Vital and a measure of visual stability. As a Core Web Vital, CLS is a key metric identified by Google to assess and quantify the user experience of web pages. It measures the visual stability of a web page by calculating the sum of all individual layout shift scores that occur during the page’s lifespan. A layout shift happens when visible elements on the page unexpectedly move from their original position, causing an unexpected change in the layout. CLS is particularly important because it directly impacts user experience, as unexpected layout shifts can lead to frustration and user dissatisfaction. Therefore, reducing Cumulative Layout Shift is crucial for improving the overall perceived stability of a website and ensuring a smoother browsing experience for users.

Select all that apply. Which of the following are examples of render-blocking resources?

By

Select all that apply. Which of the following are examples of render-blocking resources?

 

  • CSS files
  • Large video files
  • Font files
  • JavaScript files

 

Explanation: Render-blocking resources are those that delay the rendering of a webpage until they are fully loaded and processed by the browser. Among the options provided, CSS files and JavaScript files are indeed examples of render-blocking resources. CSS files are crucial for styling the content of a webpage, and their absence or delay in loading can result in unstyled content being displayed to users, negatively impacting the visual presentation and user experience. Similarly, JavaScript files contain code that can manipulate the HTML content, modify the DOM structure, or handle user interactions, and their execution may affect how the page is rendered or displayed. Therefore, both CSS and JavaScript files are considered render-blocking resources because the browser must wait for them to be fetched, parsed, and executed before it can proceed with rendering the webpage. On the other hand, large video files and font files are not necessarily render-blocking resources. While large video files may impact page load times and performance, they typically do not block the rendering of HTML content. Similarly, font files may affect the visual appearance of text on the page, but they do not inherently delay the rendering process. Therefore, selecting CSS files and JavaScript files as examples of render-blocking resources accurately identifies the resources that can delay the rendering of a webpage until they are fully loaded and processed by the browser.

Fill in the blank: Add the ________ attribute to your script to tell the browser to execute it after construction of the DOM.

By

Fill in the blank: Add the ________ attribute to your script to tell the browser to execute it after construction of the DOM.

  • defer
  • preload
  • async
  • integrity

 

Explanation: The correct answer is defer. When you include the defer attribute in your script tag, it instructs the browser to download the script while parsing the HTML document but to execute it only after the HTML document has been fully parsed and the DOM (Document Object Model) has been constructed. This means that the script will be executed in the order it appears in the document, after all the elements in the HTML have been loaded and before the DOMContentLoaded event is fired. This attribute is particularly useful when you have scripts that rely on the DOM being fully loaded before they execute, ensuring that they don’t interfere with the rendering of the page or cause errors by trying to access elements that haven’t been created yet. It helps improve page loading performance by allowing the browser to download scripts asynchronously while still preserving their order of execution, which can lead to a better user experience.

Fill in the blank: _______ is the process through which all unnecessary characters are removed from a file.

By

Fill in the blank: _______ is the process through which all unnecessary characters are removed from a file.

  • Minification
  • Fetching
  • Caching
  • Deferring

 

Explanation: The correct answer is Minification. Minification is the process of removing all unnecessary characters from a file without altering its functionality. These unnecessary characters typically include white spaces, comments, and newline characters. Minification is commonly applied to files such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to reduce their file size, thus improving website performance by reducing download times. Smaller file sizes mean faster loading times, which is crucial for providing a seamless user experience, particularly on devices with slower internet connections or limited bandwidth. Minification is often performed as part of the build process during web development, using specialized tools or plugins that automatically strip out redundant characters from the codebase before deployment.

Consider the line of code below. If you were to load a script in this way, what would be the result? {{ require_js(get_asset_url(“./path/to/file.js”), { async: true }) }}

By

Consider the line of code below. If you were to load a script in this way, what would be the result? {{ require_js(get_asset_url(“./path/to/file.js”), { async: true }) }}

  • The script would be added to the head of the document with an async attribute.
  • The script would be added before the closing body tag with a defer attribute.
  • The script would be added to the head of the document with a defer attribute.
  • The script would be added before the closing body tag with an async attribute.

 

Explanation: If you were to load a script using the line of code ‘{{ require_js(get_asset_url(’./path/to/file.js’), { async: true }) }}’, the result would be that the script would be added before the closing body tag with an async attribute. The ‘require_js’ function is typically used in platforms like HubSpot to include JavaScript files in web pages. When ‘async: true’ is specified as an option, it indicates that the script should be loaded asynchronously, meaning it will not block the rendering of the page while it’s being downloaded. Additionally, scripts loaded using ‘require_js’ are often placed just before the closing body tag by default to ensure faster page rendering and improve performance. This placement strategy allows the browser to parse and render the HTML content before downloading and executing JavaScript, resulting in a smoother user experience. Therefore, the script specified in the given line of code would be included in the webpage just before the closing body tag, and it would have the async attribute, indicating asynchronous loading.