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HubSpot CMS for Developers II: Best Practices Exam Answers

HubSpot CMS for Developers II: Best Practices Exam Answers

HubSpot CMS for Developers II: Best Practices Exam Answers

As a web developer, you're responsible for creating websites that delight your customers and generate leads for your business. It's not enough, however, for your website to look great — it also needs to be accessible, fast, and search-friendly. Additionally, the themes and modules you develop should be easy for content editors and developers to manage. Explore how to develop websites that prioritize web accessibility, performance optimization, SEO, and HubSpot-specific best practices.

  • There are 60 questions.
  • The exam takes about 1 hour to complete.
  • You must answer 45 questions correctly to pass.
  • You must wait 12 hours between attempts.
  • You have 3 hours to complete the exam.

To get the certification you need to pass the exam and do the practicum.

 

Exam URL: https://academy.hubspot.com/courses/cms-for-developers-best-practices

 

 

Questions:

 

-True or false? Every  element should have alternative text.

-Creating a form that can be completed and submitted using the keyboard only adheres to which WCAG principle?
-To make it easier for individuals using assistive technology to navigate your page, use _________ to organize the page's content.
-Fill in the blank: Use a _________ class to hide elements visually while keeping them accessible to screen readers.
-True or false? Every <img> element should have alternative text.
-Select all that apply. What are some web accessibility best practices you should account for near the beginning of a project?
-Select all that apply. When performing manual keyboard testing on your page, what should you check for?
-Select all that apply. Which of the following are HTML semantic elements?
-Which of the following is NOT a common accessibility error found on web pages?
-Which of the following is NOT an element of manual accessibility testing?
-Select all that apply. Which of the following make page navigation more efficient for those using assistive technology?
-Consider this scenario: You are loading a script (script 1) on your page which two other scripts rely on to function (scripts 2 and 3). All of these scripts can be safely executed after construction of the DOM. Which of the following approaches would work when loading these scripts? Select all that apply.
-Fill in the blank: _____________ refers to how long it takes the browser to take your site's files and paint the pixels to the page.
-Fill in the blank: _______ is the process through which all unnecessary characters are removed from a file.
-Fill in the blank: Add the ________ attribute to your script to tell the browser to execute it after construction of the DOM.
-The ____________ is the browser's representation of the page's styles.
-Fill in the blank: The ___________ is a combination of both the DOM and CSSOM.
-Fill in the blank. Defer loading of non-critical CSS by adding ______ as an argument in your require_css function call.
-Fill in the blank. Many browsers support native image lazy-loading using the _________ attribute.
-Fill in the blank. To provide a good user experience, a Largest Contentful Paint of ___________ or less is recommended.
-If your site has consistently poor Total Blocking Time scores, which approach should you take to improve this metric?
-Select all that apply. What is Cumulative Layout Shift?
-What is Largest Contentful Paint?
-What is the final step of the Critical Rendering Path?
-What is the first step of the Critical Rendering Path?
-Which of the following is most likely to block page interactivity?
-Which of the following is NOT a step in the Critical Rendering Path?
-Fill in the blank: Use the __________ tag to include multiple CSS partial files within a single CSS file.
-Fill in the blank: Use the ________ statement to use the same base template across multiple page templates.
-Select all that apply. How can you help content creators more easily work with modules?
-In the CMS Boilerplate, what is the filename of the common template used as the foundation for all page templates?
-True or false? All themes must contain at least 10 section templates.
-True or false? You can add a brand setting token to a theme's fields.json file to allow content editors to edit its value.
-Select all that apply. When should you create a section template instead of a module?
-Select all that apply. Where can you access a brand color that you've set in the account's brand settings?
-Which file does the CMS Boilerplate use to apply the styles set in the theme's settings?
-Select all that apply. Which of the following fields should you include in your theme's fields.json file?
-Select all that apply. Which of the following best describes modules?
-Which of the following is NOT a system template?
-Which of the following is NOT a valid brand logo attribute?
-Select all that apply. Which of the following module elements would be a good candidate for a style field?
-Which of the following section template annotations will help a content editor easily visualize a section in the page editor?
-Which of the following would be NOT be an appropriate class name to use in a theme called "Blue Horizons"?
-Within a module, where should you place instance-specific styles?
-A ____________ status code indicates a temporary redirect.
-Fill in the blank: Google recommends a font size of at least _______ on at least 60% of the text on your page.
-Fill in the blank: Google recommends that tap targets should be at least ___________ apart from each other.
-Fill in the blank: Google's main crawler is known as __________.
-Fill in the blank: Google displays structured data in SERPs as _________.
-Fill in the blank: Sitemaps are _______ files that provide search engines information about the structure of your site.
-Fill in the blank. If you want a page that's temporarily down to still appear in search results for some time, use _____________.
-Select all that apply: In order to account for mobile-first indexing, you should:
-Select all that apply. When it comes to SEO, developers are usually responsible for:
-True or false: Using structured data guarantees that Google will make a rich snippet for your page.
-Select all that apply. What can you use sitemaps for?
-What effect will this line in robots.txt have on Google's crawling behavior? # Disallow: /
-Select all that apply. What is a canonical URL?
-Select all that apply. When might you use a redirect?
-Select all that apply. Which of the following are good examples of descriptive link text?
-Which of the following is NOT a component of how a web page ends up in search results?
-Scenario: Your colleague has told you that they'd like a landing page to not appear in search results. You notice that this landing page URL is already disallowed in robots.txt. What should you do to guarantee the page doesn't appear in Google's search results?
-A skip to content link should skip to which landmark element on the page?
-Creating a user interface that is consistent across pages adheres to which WCAG principle?
-Providing text alternatives for non-text content adheres to which WCAG principle?
-The WCAG are broadly divided into four principles. Which of the following is NOT one of those principles?
-True or false? Automated testing is sufficient to test for appropriate use of alternative text.
-True or false? Part of making a form input accessible is including include a label for the input.
-Select all that apply. Which elements should receive focus as you tab through a web page?
-Select all that apply. Which of the following is an example of a web accessibility optimization that also benefits most of your users?
-Which of the following is NOT a web accessibility best practice?
-Writing valid HTML adheres to which WCAG principle?
-Fill in the blank: Adding width and height attributes to images helps reduce _________________.
-Which HubL function can you use to control the size of the images that appear on your website?
-Fill in the blank: When a boolean field controls a major layout change, use a _________.
-What would you use to access the tertiary brand color in a theme's fields.json file?
-Select all that apply. Which style fields have a generated .css property?
-Fill in the blank: The primary function of a robots.txt file is_______________.
-Fill in the blank: Your page must undergo_________, in order for Google to view any JavaScript-generated content.
-What is the recommended format for adding structured data to pages?
-Select all that apply. Which of the following will prevent a page from appearing in Google's search results?
-True or false? Comprehensive knowledge of the WCAG is necessary before beginning to implement web accessibility best practices.
-True or false? If your website doesn't have automatically detectable accessibility issues, it might still have accessibility barriers.
-Consider the line of code below. If you were to load a script in this way, what would be the result? {{ require_js(get_asset_url("./path/to/file.js"), { async: true }) }}
-Select all that apply. What can you do to optimize images within a custom module?
-Select all that apply. What is First Input Delay?
-Select all that apply. Which of the following are Core Web Vitals?
-Select all that apply. Where can you access a brand logo that you've set in your account's brand settings?
-Fill in the blank: If you want a page's new URL to appear in search results, use _____________.
-True or false? Sections provide a built-in way to set a background image.
-Select all that apply. Which of the following are examples of render-blocking resources?

 

  1. Creating a form that can be completed and submitted using the keyboard only adheres to which WCAG principle?
  2. Creating a user interface that is consistent across pages adheres to which WCAG principle?
  3. To make it easier for individuals using assistive technology to navigate your page, use _________ to organize the page’s content.
  4. Fill in the blank: Use a _________ class to hide elements visually while keeping them accessible to screen readers.
  5. The WCAG are broadly divided into four principles. Which of the following is NOT one of those principles?
  6. True or false? Every <img> element should have alternative text.
  7. True or false? If your website doesn’t have automatically detectable accessibility issues, it might still have accessibility barriers.
  8. Select all that apply. What are some web accessibility best practices you should account for near the beginning of a project?
  9. Select all that apply. When performing manual keyboard testing on your page, what should you check for?
  10. Select all that apply. Which of the following are HTML semantic elements?
  11. Select all that apply. Which of the following is an example of a web accessibility optimization that also benefits most of your users?
  12. Which of the following is NOT a common accessibility error found on web pages?
  13. Which of the following is NOT a web accessibility best practice?
  14. Which of the following is NOT an element of manual accessibility testing?
  15. Select all that apply. Which of the following make page navigation more efficient for those using assistive technology?
  16. Writing valid HTML adheres to which WCAG principle?
  17. Consider this scenario: You are loading a script (script 1) on your page which two other scripts rely on to function (scripts 2 and 3). All of these scripts can be safely executed after construction of the DOM. Which of the following approaches would work when loading these scripts? Select all that apply.
  18. Fill in the blank: _____________ refers to how long it takes the browser to take your site’s files and paint the pixels to the page.
  19. Fill in the blank: Adding width and height attributes to images helps reduce _________________.
  20. The ____________ is the browser’s representation of the page’s styles.
  21. Fill in the blank: The ___________ is a combination of both the DOM and CSSOM.
  22. Fill in the blank. Defer loading of non-critical CSS by adding ______ as an argument in your require_css function call.
  23. Fill in the blank. Many browsers support native image lazy-loading using the _________ attribute.
  24. Fill in the blank. To provide a good user experience, a Largest Contentful Paint of ___________ or less is recommended.
  25. If your site has consistently poor Total Blocking Time scores, which approach should you take to improve this metric?
  26. Select all that apply. What can you do to optimize images within a custom module?
  27. What is Largest Contentful Paint?
  28. Select all that apply. Which of the following are Core Web Vitals?
  29. Which of the following is most likely to block page interactivity?
  30. Fill in the blank: Use the ________ statement to use the same base template across multiple page templates.
  31. Select all that apply. How can you help content creators more easily work with modules?
  32. In the CMS Boilerplate, what is the filename of the common template used as the foundation for all page templates?
  33. True or false? You can add a brand setting token to a theme’s fields.json file to allow content editors to edit its value.
  34. What would you use to access the tertiary brand color in a theme’s fields.json file?
  35. Select all that apply. Where can you access a brand color that you’ve set in the account’s brand settings?
  36. Select all that apply. Where can you access a brand logo that you’ve set in your account’s brand settings?
  37. Which file does the CMS Boilerplate use to apply the styles set in the theme’s settings?
  38. Select all that apply. Which of the following fields should you include in your theme’s fields.json file?
  39. Select all that apply. Which of the following best describes modules?
  40. Which of the following is NOT a system template?
  41. Which of the following is NOT a valid brand logo attribute?
  42. Which of the following section template annotations will help a content editor easily visualize a section in the page editor?
  43. Which of the following would be NOT be an appropriate class name to use in a theme called “Blue Horizons”?
  44. Select all that apply. Which style fields have a generated .css property?
  45. Within a module, where should you place instance-specific styles?
  46. Fill in the blank: Google recommends a font size of at least _______ on at least 60% of the text on your page.
  47. Fill in the blank: Google recommends that tap targets should be at least ___________ apart from each other.
  48. Fill in the blank: Google’s main crawler is known as __________.
  49. Fill in the blank: If you want a page’s new URL to appear in search results, use _____________.
  50. Fill in the blank: Google displays structured data in SERPs as _________.
  51. Fill in the blank: The primary function of a robots.txt file is_______________.
  52. Fill in the blank: Your page must undergo_________, in order for Google to view any JavaScript-generated content.
  53. Fill in the blank. If you want a page that’s temporarily down to still appear in search results for some time, use _____________.
  54. Select all that apply: In order to account for mobile-first indexing, you should:
  55. Select all that apply. What can you use sitemaps for?
  56. What effect will this line in robots.txt have on Google’s crawling behavior? # Disallow: /
  57. Select all that apply. What is a canonical URL?
  58. What is the recommended format for adding structured data to pages?
  59. Select all that apply. When might you use a redirect?
  60. Select all that apply. Which of the following will prevent a page from appearing in Google’s search results?
  61. A skip to content link should skip to which landmark element on the page?
  62. Providing text alternatives for non-text content adheres to which WCAG principle?
  63. True or false? Automated testing is sufficient to test for appropriate use of alternative text.
  64. True or false? Part of making a form input accessible is including include a label for the input.
  65. Select all that apply. Which elements should receive focus as you tab through a web page?
  66. Consider the line of code below. If you were to load a script in this way, what would be the result? {{ require_js(get_asset_url(“./path/to/file.js”), { async: true }) }}
  67. Fill in the blank: _______ is the process through which all unnecessary characters are removed from a file.
  68. Fill in the blank: Add the ________ attribute to your script to tell the browser to execute it after construction of the DOM.
  69. Select all that apply. Which of the following are examples of render-blocking resources?
  70. Select all that apply. What is Cumulative Layout Shift?
  71. Select all that apply. What is First Input Delay?
  72. What is the first step of the Critical Rendering Path?
  73. Which HubL function can you use to control the size of the images that appear on your website?
  74. Fill in the blank: Use the __________ tag to include multiple CSS partial files within a single CSS file.
  75. Fill in the blank: When a boolean field controls a major layout change, use a _________.
  76. True or false? All themes must contain at least 10 section templates.
  77. Select all that apply. When should you create a section template instead of a module?
  78. Select all that apply. Which of the following module elements would be a good candidate for a style field?
  79. Select all that apply. When it comes to SEO, developers are usually responsible for:
  80. True or false: Using structured data guarantees that Google will make a rich snippet for your page.
  81. Select all that apply. Which of the following are good examples of descriptive link text?
  82. Scenario: Your colleague has told you that they’d like a landing page to not appear in search results. You notice that this landing page URL is already disallowed in robots.txt. What should you do to guarantee the page doesn’t appear in Google’s search results?
  83. True or false? Comprehensive knowledge of the WCAG is necessary before beginning to implement web accessibility best practices.
  84. What is the final step of the Critical Rendering Path?
  85. Which of the following is NOT a step in the Critical Rendering Path?
  86. True or false? Sections provide a built-in way to set a background image.
  87. A ____________ status code indicates a temporary redirect.
  88. Fill in the blank: Sitemaps are _______ files that provide search engines information about the structure of your site.
  89. Which of the following is NOT a component of how a web page ends up in search results?

 

 

 

 

Fill in the blank. Many browsers support native image lazy-loading using the _________ attribute.

By

Fill in the blank. Many browsers support native image lazy-loading using the _________ attribute.

  • defer
  • async
  • preload
  • loading

 

Explanation: The correct answer is loading. The loading attribute is used to enable native lazy-loading for images in HTML documents, allowing browsers to defer the loading of offscreen images until they are needed. By adding the loading='lazy' attribute to an <img> tag, developers can instruct the browser to delay the loading of images that are not immediately visible within the viewport, thereby improving page loading performance and reducing bandwidth consumption. This attribute is particularly useful for web pages with a large number of images or long-scrolling content, as it helps prioritize the loading of visible content while deferring the loading of non-visible images until the user scrolls closer to them. Additionally, native lazy-loading provided by the loading attribute is supported by most modern browsers, making it a convenient and widely-compatible solution for optimizing image loading in web applications. Overall, the loading attribute enhances the user experience by speeding up page load times and conserving network resources, making it a valuable tool for web developers striving to create fast and efficient websites.

Fill in the blank. Defer loading of non-critical CSS by adding ______ as an argument in your require_css function call.

By

Fill in the blank. Defer loading of non-critical CSS by adding ______ as an argument in your require_css function call.

  • { defer: true }
  • { position: footer }
  • { type: defer }
  • { async: true }

 

Explanation: The correct answer is { async: true }. When dealing with non-critical CSS resources, it’s often beneficial to defer their loading to improve page loading performance. By adding the { async: true } argument in the require_css function call, you instruct the browser to load the specified CSS file asynchronously. Asynchronous loading allows the browser to continue parsing and rendering the HTML content without waiting for the CSS file to be fully downloaded and processed. This approach prevents CSS resources from blocking the rendering of the page, resulting in faster initial page load times and a better user experience. Additionally, deferring non-critical CSS loading can help prioritize the loading of critical resources, such as HTML content and essential CSS styles, leading to quicker page rendering and improved perceived performance. Overall, leveraging asynchronous loading techniques for non-critical CSS resources is a recommended practice for optimizing web page loading speed and enhancing overall performance.

Fill in the blank: The ___________ is a combination of both the DOM and CSSOM.

By

Fill in the blank: The ___________ is a combination of both the DOM and CSSOM.

  • render tree
  • Largest Contentful Paint
  • Cumulative Layout Shift
  • Critical Rendering Path

 

Explanation: The correct answer is render tree. In web development, the render tree is a crucial concept representing the combination of both the DOM (Document Object Model) and the CSSOM (Cascading Style Sheets Object Model). While the DOM represents the structure of the HTML content on a web page, and the CSSOM represents the styles applied to that content, the render tree merges these two models to create a cohesive structure that incorporates both the content and its styling. The render tree includes only the elements that will be displayed on the page, taking into account factors such as visibility, display property, and CSS properties like display: none. This combined representation is essential for the browser’s rendering engine to calculate the layout of the page accurately and determine how each element should be displayed visually. Thus, the render tree serves as the foundation for the browser’s rendering process, ensuring that the web page is presented to users correctly according to its HTML structure and CSS styles.

The ____________ is the browser’s representation of the page’s styles.

By

The ____________ is the browser’s representation of the page’s styles.

  • First Contentful Paint
  • DOM
  • render tree
  • CSSOM

 

Explanation: The correct answer is CSSOM, which stands for Cascading Style Sheets Object Model. When a web page is loaded, the browser parses the HTML markup to construct the DOM (Document Object Model), representing the structure of the page’s content. Alongside this process, the browser also constructs the CSSOM, which represents the styles applied to the elements in the DOM. The CSSOM essentially contains all the CSS rules defined in external stylesheets, internal <style> elements, and inline styles, organized in a tree-like structure mirroring the DOM. The CSSOM is crucial for rendering the visual presentation of the web page, as it determines how each element should be styled, including properties like color, size, positioning, and more. Once both the DOM and CSSOM are constructed, the browser combines them to create the render tree, which is used to calculate the layout of the elements on the page and ultimately render the visual representation that users see. Therefore, the CSSOM plays a pivotal role in the rendering process by providing the browser with the necessary information to apply styles to the page’s content accurately, making it the browser’s representation of the page’s styles.

Fill in the blank: Adding width and height attributes to images helps reduce _________________.

By

Fill in the blank: Adding width and height attributes to images helps reduce _________________.

  • First Input Delay
  • Total Blocking Time
  • Cumulative Layout Shift
  • Time to Interactive

 

Explanation: Adding width and height attributes to images helps reduce Cumulative Layout Shift. Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) refers to the unexpected shifting of page elements during the loading process, which can disrupt the user experience, particularly when content shifts while users are interacting with the page. When an image loads without specified dimensions, the browser might not be able to allocate sufficient space for it, causing the content layout to shift once the image is fully loaded. This can be especially problematic on pages with multiple images or dynamic content. By adding width and height attributes to images in HTML, developers can reserve the required space for images before they load, preventing sudden layout shifts as the images render. This optimization improves the stability and predictability of the page layout, enhancing user experience and reducing the likelihood of CLS occurrences. Therefore, adding width and height attributes to images is an effective strategy for mitigating Cumulative Layout Shift and promoting a smoother browsing experience for users.

Fill in the blank: _____________ refers to how long it takes the browser to take your site’s files and paint the pixels to the page.

By

Fill in the blank: _____________ refers to how long it takes the browser to take your site’s files and paint the pixels to the page.

  • Loading performance
  • First Input Delay
  • Time to Interactive
  • Rendering performance

 

Explanation: The correct answer is Rendering performance. Rendering performance refers to the speed at which a browser processes and displays the content of a webpage. It encompasses various factors, including how quickly the browser can retrieve and parse HTML, CSS, and JavaScript files, as well as how efficiently it can render and paint the visual elements of the webpage onto the screen. Rendering performance directly impacts the user experience, as a slow rendering process can result in delayed page loading, sluggish responsiveness, and a poor overall impression of the website’s performance. By optimizing rendering performance, developers aim to minimize loading times and ensure that webpages are displayed quickly and smoothly, enhancing user satisfaction and engagement with the site.